Question 41 of 100 · 2008 civics test
Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government?
Part of the 2008 test, which applies if you filed Form N-400 before October 20, 2025.
Accepted answers
- to print money
- to declare war
- to create an army
- to make treaties
Each answer here counts on its own. If the question asks for two or more, give that many.
Why this is the answer
Any one of four answers is accepted: to print money, to declare war, to create an army, or to make treaties. All four rest on one principle. The federal government is a limited government, which means it holds the powers the Constitution describes, and most powers left off that list stay with the states. Each answer can be traced to specific words. Article I, Section 8 gives Congress the power to coin money and set its value, to declare war, to raise and support armies and to maintain a navy. Treaties appear in Article II. The President makes them, but only when two-thirds of the senators present agree. A treaty is an agreement between two or more countries; the government has signed them to end wars and to work with other nations on issues such as trade. Notice that the Constitution says "coin Money" while the USCIS list says "print money." The study guide bridges the two by pointing out that only the U.S. government may produce the dollar bills and coins people spend. Article I, Section 10 shows the same design from the other side, since it forbids any state to enter into a treaty or to coin money. These are tasks that make sense only if one government does them for the whole country. James Madison described the balance in Federalist No. 45. Federal powers, he wrote, would be "few and defined," aimed mainly at outward matters such as war, peace, negotiation and foreign commerce, while the powers kept by the states would be "numerous and indefinite." In the interview, the risk is drifting into a state power. Issuing driver's licenses sounds like government work, and it is, but it belongs to the states and answers the next question instead. Taxing is another weak choice: the federal government and the states share that power, and it is not one of the four answers on the list. To hold the four together, group them: two are about defense (war and the army), one is about other nations (treaties), and one is about the economy (money).
Sources
- Learn About the United States: Quick Civics Lessons for the Naturalization Test (2008 version) · M-638 (rev. 08/21)
- The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription · National Archives
- One Nation, One People: The USCIS 2025 Civics Test Study Guide · M-1175 (2025)
- The Federalist Papers: Full Text · Library of Congress
- Civics (History and Government) Questions for the Naturalization Test (2008 version) (rev. 01/19)