How are changes made to the U.S. Constitution?

Why this is the answer

The Constitution changes only through amendments, and Article V lays out the procedure. There are two steps, and each one has two possible routes. To propose an amendment, two-thirds of both the House and the Senate can vote for it, or two-thirds of the state legislatures can ask Congress to call a convention for proposing amendments. To ratify it, three-fourths of the states must approve, either through their legislatures or through special conventions. With 50 states today, that means 38. Notice who is missing from that list. Article V does not mention the President at all, and nothing in it lets a court or an executive order rewrite the text. The framers set the bar high on purpose. They knew laws would need to change as the country grew, but they did not want the supreme law of the land to be too easy to modify or to lose its meaning. The record shows how demanding the process is. Only 27 amendments have been added, and six times in American history an amendment passed Congress and then failed to win enough states. Two amendments show the process at its edges. The Twenty-seventh, which deals with the pay of senators and representatives, was first proposed in 1789 and not ratified until 1992. The Twenty-first, which repealed the Eighteenth, was sent to state conventions instead of state legislatures, using the second ratification route. At the interview, both official answers are short: "amendments" or "the amendment process." Either works. Keep this apart from ordinary lawmaking. Passing a new federal law, however popular, cannot change a word of the Constitution. A ruling from the Supreme Court or a new election does not change the text either. The whole procedure fits in six words: two-thirds to propose, three-fourths to ratify.