Question 21 of 100 · 2008 civics test
The House of Representatives has how many voting members?
Part of the 2008 test, which applies if you filed Form N-400 before October 20, 2025.
Accepted answer
- four hundred thirty-five (435)
Why this is the answer
The House of Representatives has 435 voting members, a total that has held since 1912. What changes over the years is how those seats are shared among the states. Article I links House seats to population. It says representatives are apportioned among the states according to their numbers, orders a count of the people every ten years, and promises each state at least one representative however small it is. The 14th Amendment later made clear that the count covers the whole number of persons in each state. After each census the 435 seats are worked out again. A state that gains many residents could get one or more new seats, a state that loses residents could give some up, and the total does not move. The original text also set a ceiling: no more than one representative for every thirty thousand people. That clause set a maximum and never required the House to keep growing with the population. Pay attention to the word voting. Residents of some U.S. territories are represented in the House by delegates or resident commissioners who do not cast votes, and they are not part of the 435. If you give the number alone, you have answered exactly what was asked. Most wrong answers come from confusing the two chambers. The Senate has 100 members, two from each state, and adding both chambers gives 535. Neither of those is the size of the House. A quick check is to remember that the Senate number is small and round because it counts states, while the House number is large and uneven because it was set to divide up people. Think of 435 as a pie that is never made bigger. Each census only changes the size of the slices.
Sources
- Learn About the United States: Quick Civics Lessons for the Naturalization Test (2008 version) · M-638 (rev. 08/21)
- The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription · National Archives
- Constitutional Amendments 11-27 · National Archives